Sizungezwe ngamagama futhi noma singacabangi ngakho, banokuningi abasitshele kona. Ngoba akusikho ukukhuluma ngencazelo yalo kalula, kepha ukwazi ukuthi ibichazani. trajectory, ukuvela kwayo nokuzivumelanisa nesikhathi ngasinye somlando lapho bekhona. Ngakho-ke, ukutadishwa kwencazelo yamagama kusinikeza okuningi. I-Etymology ivela ku-Latin 'etymologia' futhi ngasikhathi sinye isuselwa esiGrekini esakhiwe nge- 'étymos' (element, true) kanye 'logia' (izwi).
Ngakho-ke, i- i-etymology Kukhethekile noma isayensi esikhombisa ukutadisha okuphelele kokwedlule kwalelo gama noma amagama. Njengoba sonke sidinga ukwazi imvelaphi yethu kanye nesilulumagama esisisebenzisa nsuku zonke, futhi. Uhlobo lomuthi wozalo, kepha amagama ahlobene, kuyindlela esikhonjiswa ngayo yi-etymology. Ngabe ufuna ukuthola?
Iyini i-etymology?
Ngokubanzi, besivele simemezela ukuthi kuhlanganisani. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-etymology isifundo noma okukhethekile futhi nesayensi ebhekele lokho funda imvelaphi yamagama. Kubukeka kulula kakhulu, kepha akulula kangako. Yize singasho ukuthi kunokuthile okumangazayo, kepha kusiphonsela izimfihlo eziningi. Ukuze wenze ukuhlaziywa kwalowo mvelaphi futhi ulandele ukuhamba kwesikhathi egameni ngalinye, i-etymology nayo inezinsiza ezihlukile. Njengoba kuhloselwe ukuhlaziya lapho igama livela khona, lifakwa kanjani olimini nokuthi livame ukuhluka kanjani ngokwezincazelo nangesikhathi.
I-Etymology kanye nezilimi zomlando
Bobabili banobudlelwano obuhle, ngoba izilimi zomlando, noma ezaziwa nangokuthi kuthengiwe, kungenye yalezo ziyalo ezifunda ushintsho olwenzeka ngolimi njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka. Kulokhu, kusekelwe ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela ukuphatha ukuthola ukufana ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene. Lezi zindlela zigxila kumagama emalimboleko olimi (amagama aguqulwa kolunye ulimi), kwezinye izikhathi sinamathuba okuthi lokho kuholele ekutheni sikhulume ngamagama afanayo futhi nakanjani. Kulokhu, lawa amagama anomsuka ofanayo kepha ahlukile.
Ngakho-ke, izilimi zomlando kufanele ziqale ukwenza ifomula yokuqhathanisa. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzofanela ulandele i- ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezilimi eziqhelile (lezo ezingenabo ubudlelwano obuphawulekayo nolunye ulimi), ukuqaphela zonke izinhlobo zokwahluka. Esinye isinyathelo sokuqonda ukuvela kwezinto ukufunda amagama ahlobene futhi ajwayelekile ezilimini ezahlukene. Ngale ndlela kuphela, sizokwazi ukuqonda kabanzi ukuthi silulumagama esilusebenzisayo luvelaphi.
Kungani ufunda i-etymology
Umbuzo olula ukuwuphendula. Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi iphathelene nani, sizomane sithi ukubonga ngakho, sizokhulisa ulwazi lwethu. Kanjani? Ukuthola incazelo noma izincazelo zegama, ngakho-ke silulumagama lwethu luzokwandiswa. Ngaphezu kokwazi imvelaphi neminikelo yezinye izilimi kolunye oluthile. Ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi konke lokhu, futhi kusivumela ukuthi sibhale kangcono. Isipelingi sethu sizokhombisa lolo cwaningo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphenya i-etymology kusinikeza okungaphezulu kwalokho ebesikucabanga ekuqaleni. Kepha kusekhona iphuzu elilodwa, futhi lokho yilokho, ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye yomlando nayo iyavula. Kusenza sibone ukuthi igama lidlule kanjani kubantu abahlukahlukene, emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka nazo zonke izehlakalo zalo, laze lafika kulesi sikhathi samanje. Kuyathakazelisa, akunjalo?
Ukushiwo kokuqala kwe-etymology emlandweni
Ukuze sikhulume ngokushiwo kokuqala, kufanele sibuyele emuva kwizimbongi zamaGrikhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi esinalo I-Pindar. Enye yezimbongi ezinkulu ezinamazwi ayenayo iGrisi yasendulo. Imisebenzi yakhe igcinwe kuma-papyri, kepha noma kunjalo lokho okwehlele kithi kukhombisa ingxube yezilimi ezehlukene. Ngakho i-etymology yayikhona kakhulu emibhalweni yakhe. Kwenzeka okufanayo noPlutarco.
Elinye lamagama amakhulu, okwathi ngemuva kokuhamba kwakhe okuningi ebheka imisindo ehlukene amagama ayenawo, ethekwini ngalinye. Yize 'iVidas Paralelas' kwakungomunye wemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa 'iLa Moralia'. Kokugcina, imisebenzi ehlukile nge Plutarch ezaqoqwa yi-Monk Máximo Planudes. Noma kunjalo, kuzo wenza futhi ukubhekisela ku-etymology.
IDiachrony
Kulokhu, liphinde lihlobene futhi lihlobene kakhulu ne-etymology. Kepha kulokhu, singasho ukuthi iDiachrony igxile eqinisweni nasekufundweni kwayo eminyakeni edlule. Isibonelo, esimweni se- igama nakho konke ukuziphendukela kwalo kuze kube manje. Ukubona nokuhlola zonke lezo zinguquko zomsindo noma ongwaqa kanye nonkamisa okungenzeka ukuthi ubunazo.
Uma sicabanga isikhashana mayelana ne-diachrony ye-Spanish, yisifundo esivela kuCastilian yakudala, ushintsho esibe nalo, ukufana noma umehluko ngezilimi zaseRomance, njll. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa komsebenzi we Isazi sezilimi uSaussure, owenza umehluko phakathi kwedaychrony ne-synchrony. Njengoba eyokugcina ibhekisa ekufundweni kolimi kepha kuphela ngesikhathi esithile hhayi kuwo wonke umlando njenge-diachrony.