Sijikelezwe ngamagama kwaye nokuba asicingi ngayo, banokuninzi abanokusixelela kona. Kuba ayithethi ngokuthetha ngentsingiselo yayo ngokulula, kodwa ukwazi ukuba ibiyintoni intsingiselo yayo. trajectory, ukuvela kwayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kumzuzu ngamnye wembali apho bakhoyo. Yiyo loo nto ukufundwa kwentsingiselo yamagama kusinika okungaphezulu. I-Etymology ivela kwi-Latin 'etymologia' kwaye kwangaxeshanye isuka kwisiGrike ebhalwe 'étymos' (element, true) kunye 'logia' (igama).
Ke ngoko I-etymology Kukukhethekileyo okanye isayensi esibonisa isifundo esigcweleyo sangaphambili selo gama okanye amagama. Kuba sonke kufuneka siyazi imvelaphi yethu kunye nesigama esisisebenzisa yonke imihla, nathi. Uhlobo lomthi wokuzalwa, kodwa amagama ahambelana, yindlela esiboniswa yi-etymology. Ngaba uyafuna ukufumanisa?
Yintoni i-etymology?
Ngokubanzi, besele sibhengeza ukuba kubandakanya ntoni. Kunokuthiwa ukuba i-etymology sisifundo okanye ubungcali kunye nesayensi enoxanduva lwayo funda ngemvelaphi yamagama. Kubonakala kuyinto elula kakhulu, kodwa ayisiyonto ilula kangako. Nangona sinokuthi yinto emangazayo, oko kusenza sibe neemfihlo ezininzi. Ukuze wenze uhlalutyo lwaloo mvelaphi kwaye ulandele ukuhamba kwexesha kwigama ngalinye, i-etymology nayo inezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Kuba yenzelwe ukuhlalutya apho livela khona igama, ukuba lifakwa njani kulwimi kunye nendlela elihlala lihluka ngayo ngokweentsingiselo nangaphezulu kwexesha.
I-Etymology kunye nolwimi lwembali
Aba babini banolwalamano olukhulu, kuba Iilwimi zembali, okanye zikwabizwa ngokuba zithengiwe, yenye yezo uqeqesho ezifunda utshintsho olwenzeka kulwimi njengoko ixesha lihamba. Ukulungiselela le nto, isekwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, yiyo loo nto ukulawula ukufana kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ndlela zigxila kumagama-mboleko olwimi (amagama ahlengahlengiswe kolunye ulwimi), ngamanye amaxesha sinethuba elikhokelela ekubeni sithethe amagama afanayo kwaye kunjalo, ukuqonda. Kule meko, la ngamagama anemvelaphi efanayo kodwa eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo.
Ngenxa yoko, iilwimi zembali kufuneka ziqale ukwenza ifomula yokuthelekisa. Emva koko kuya kufuneka ulandele ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweelwimi ezizimeleyo (ezo zingenalo ubudlelwane obuthile nolunye ulwimi), ukuqaphela zonke iintlobo zokwahluka. Elinye inyathelo lokuqonda uguquko kukufunda amagama ahambelana kwaye aqhelekileyo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ngale ndlela kuphela, siya kuthi siqonde ngakumbi ukuba isigama esisisebenzisayo sivela phi.
Kutheni ufunda i-etymology
Umbuzo ulula ukuwuphendula. Ngoku ukuba siyayazi ukuba inoxanduva lwayo, siza kuthi nje enkosi kuyo, siya kwandisa ulwazi lwethu. Njani? Ukufumanisa intsingiselo okanye iintsingiselo zegama, ke isigama sethu siya kwandiswa. Ukongeza ekwazini imvelaphi kunye nokunikezelwa kwezinye iilwimi kwindawo ethile. Ngaphandle kokulibala ukuba konke oku, nako ivumela ukuba sibhale ngcono. Upelo lwethu luya kubonisa olo phando. Ke ngoko, ukuphanda nge-etymology kusinika ngaphezulu kunokuba besicinga ekuqaleni. Kodwa kusekho inqaku elinye ngaphezulu, yiyo ke loo nto, enkosi kule ndawo inembali iyavula. Isenza sibone indlela igama elidlule ngayo kubantu abahlukeneyo, kwiinkulungwane ezininzi kunye nazo zonke izehlo zalo, de kube ngoku. Inomdla, akunjalo?
Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwe-etymology kwimbali
Ukuthetha ngokukhankanywa kokuqala, kufuneka sibuyele kwiimbongi zamaGrike. Kwelinye icala sinalo Pindar. Enye yeembongi ezimnandi ezazineGrisi yakudala. Imisebenzi yakhe igcinwe kwimipapiri, kodwa nangona kunjalo oko kwehle kuthi kubonisa umxube weelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ke i-etymology yayikho kwimibhalo yakhe. Kwenzeka into efanayo nePlutarco.
Elinye lamagama amakhulu, athi emva kokuhamba kwakhe okuninzi ajonge izandi ezahlukeneyo ezinamagama, kwizibuko ngalinye. Nangona 'uVidas Paralelas' wayengomnye wemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu, ngaphandle kokulibala 'iLa Moralia'. Kule yokugqibela, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngu IPlutarch ezaqokelelwa yi Monk Máximo Planudes. Nokuba kunjani, kuzo wenza ne-etymology.
IDiachrony
Kule meko, inxulumene nayo kwaye inxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-etymology. Kodwa kule meko ithile, sinokuthi iDiachrony igxile kwinyani nakwisifundo sayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Umzekelo, kwimeko ye igama kunye nayo yonke indaleko de kube ngoku. Ukubona nokujonga zonke ezo zinguquko okanye isandi okanye utshintsho lwezikhamiso onokuba unazo.
Ukuba sicinga okomzuzwana malunga ne-diachrony yeSpanish, sisifundo esivela kwi-Castilian yakudala, utshintsho ebenalo, ukufana okanye umahluko kwiilwimi zothando, njl. Emva kokupapashwa komsebenzi we Isazi ngeelwimi uSaussure, owenza umahluko phakathi kwediachrony kunye nesynchrony. Kuba eyokugqibela ibhekisa kufundo lolwimi kodwa kuphela ngexesha elithile kwaye hayi kuyo yonke imbali njenge-diachrony.