Onomastics: kudzidza kwemazita chaiwo

Kunyangwe mabviro emazwi angave akareba izwi, isu tine onomastics kukwanisa kuzviita zvidiki. Mune ino kesi, inoreva mazita chaiwo. Mazita ari uye achave edu protagonists, zvese muhupenyu hwedu uye nebasa ratinoratidza kubva ino webhusaiti.

Asi kunyangwe tikaziva chii iyo revo chaiyo yezita zuva, aisakwanisa kusara mukutiratidza zvimwe. Izvo 'zvimwe' zvichave mavambo pamwe nekutangira kwemazita ese akakodzera atinoshandisa. Kwete chete kudoma vanhu, asi zvakare nenzvimbo. Nekuti zvese zvine mavambo! Iwe unoda kuzviziva here?

Chii chinonzi Onomastics?

Onomastics Kudzidza kwemazita chaiwo

Kana tichireva kune iri izwi, zvirokwazvo munhu wese anoziva zvinoreva. Tinogona kutaura nezvake kuti iye ndi bazi kana chikamu cheiyo duramazwi. Ndokunge, zvese izvo muunganidzwa kana boka remazwi rine mutauro. Asi kana iri nyaya yeonomastiki, mazwi aya anoreva mazita chaiwo akadai semazita, pamwe neaya anoratidza nzvimbo, zvirimwa kana zviitiko, nezvimwe. Hatigone kukanganwa kuti izwi onomastics rinobva muchiGiriki uye rinogona kuturikirwa se'unyanzvi hwekupa mazita kana kutumidza zita '.

Kurongwa kana matavi eOnomastics

Anthroponymy

Rimwe rematavi akakosha anthroponymy, inonziwo anthropological onomastics. Mariri, izvo zvinodzidziswa mazita akakodzera uye mazita avo. Mavari mazita akabatanidzwawo. Ehezve, mune dzimwe tsika, vatove kure kure, vaingoshandisa zita chairo kana rekutanga, rinova ndiro raivazivisa.

Zvinonzi mazhinji maanthropony anouya kubva kune mamwe mazita akajairika. Saka dzimwe nguva zvinonyanya kuoma kuziva zvinoreva. Kuti tizive, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa iyo etymology. Sezvo iye achizove iye anotiunzira isu nhoroondo yezita iro. Tine anthroponymics kubva kuGreek, Roma, Chihebheru, ChiGerman kana chiArabhu.

Sekuda kuziva, makore mazhinji apfuura, zita rakapihwa mwanakomana ndiwo mazwi ekutanga akataurwa nababa pavakamuona. Nepo vaRoma kana vasina zita rakasarudzwa, vaitendeukira kunhamba.

Toponymy

Imwe yedzidziso, mukati mezuva rezuva, iyo inodzidza mazita akakodzera enzvimbo. Kunyangwe zvisiri chete aya mazita anotaura nezve toponymy, asi zvakajairika kuti uzviwane mune anatomy kana biology. Izvo hazvisi kusvika kunonoka kwezana regumi nepfumbamwe century kuti izvi chaizvo zvinounganidzwa. izwi muRAE.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mazita enzvimbo anogona zvakare kuuya kubva kumazita evanhu. Asi mamwewo mazita anomiririra maererano nehunhu kana zvinhu zvavanotaura. Saka hazvishamise kuti zita renzvimbo rinopa hunhu hwenharaunda sekunge kubatana kwekushamisa, asi ndiko kutanga kwezita iri. Mukati me toponymy isu tine hydronyms (nzizi), thalasonyms (makungwa nemakungwa), oronyms (mazita emakomo) kana mazita (mazita aMwari).

Bionymy

Mune ino kesi, ingo taura kuti inotarisa pakufunda kwemazita ezvisikwa zvipenyu. Pakati pedu tinosimbisa mhuka nemiti. Kune rimwe divi tinaro zoonymy chinova chikamu chinoreva mhuka apo patinotaura nezvazvo phytonymy, ipapo zvirimwa zvichave protagonists.

Odonymy

Ehezve, kana tikataura nezve kupatsanurwa kwemazita, hatikwanise kusiya padivi iye ari pamusoro pemigwagwa, zvikwere kana migwagwa mikuru. Sezvo vese zvavo, asi mazita avo, ichave chikamu cheinonzi isingazivikanwe. Izwi iri rinouyawo kubva muchiGiriki chekare uye rinogona kuturikirwa se 'zita renzira'.

Nhoroondo yeOnomastics munyika medu

Inofanira kutaurwa kudaro kuSpain kwaive nemitauro yakati wandei seCeltiberian kana Tartessian, pakati pevamwe. Ichi chaive chiratidzo chekuti tsika nemhando dzakasiyana zvaive zviripo munyika medu. Saka yatisiira matauriro, mavara nemidzi yemashoko akasiyana kwazvo. Semuenzaniso, Spanish neIberia vanogovana mavhawero mashanu anovasiyanisa kubva kune mimwe mitauro yeRomance. Kunge zvimwe zvimisikidzo zvisingauye kubva muchiLatin senge -arro kana -ueco.

Pakasvika vaRoma, vakauya nechiLatin navo uye nekudaro, ivo vaingoda kuti ive nekutungamira. Kurasa ruzhinji rwemimwe mitauro yaitaurwa. Nekufamba kwenguva nezvizvarwa, chiLatin chete chakasimbiswa. Kunyangwe zvichinzi Basque yakarambawo nguva ino. Nekudaro, chikamu chikuru chemazita kana mazita enzvimbo anobva ChiLatin chinonzi vulgar. Sezvo marimi ese akabatanidzwa mairi. Kuongororwa kwenhoroondo kuti uzive kwakatangira mazita mazhinji.